Women’s Hormonal Health: The Complete Guide 2026

Welcome to the definitive guide to women’s hormonal health for 2026, your essential resource for understanding, optimizing, and reclaiming your well-being. Hormones are the silent conductors of your body, influencing everything from your mood and energy levels to your metabolism and reproductive health. For too long, women have been told to simply “live with” symptoms like irregular periods, persistent fatigue, unexplained weight changes, or frustrating mood swings. At Veralyn Media, we believe in empowering you with knowledge and actionable strategies to not just cope, but to truly thrive.

This comprehensive guide delves into the intricate world of female hormones, demystifying common imbalances, and offering evidence-based, natural approaches to restore equilibrium. Whether you’re navigating the complexities of your menstrual cycle, managing the shifts of perimenopause, or seeking clarity on conditions like PCOS or thyroid dysfunction, we’re here to illuminate the path forward. By understanding the foundational pillars of hormonal wellness – including diet, lifestyle, stress management, and targeted support – you can unlock a healthier, more vibrant you. Get ready to take charge of your hormonal health and experience a profound transformation.

TL;DR: Women’s hormonal health is crucial for overall well-being, influencing mood, energy, and metabolism. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of common hormonal imbalances, their symptoms, and natural, evidence-based strategies for restoration. By focusing on lifestyle, nutrition, and targeted support, women can effectively manage conditions like perimenopause, PCOS, and thyroid issues, leading to improved health and vitality.

Understanding Female Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone, and Beyond

The female endocrine system is a marvel of biological precision, orchestrating a symphony of hormones that govern virtually every aspect of a woman’s health. At the forefront are estrogen and progesterone, the primary sex hormones, but their influence is intimately intertwined with a broader network including testosterone, cortisol, insulin, and thyroid hormones. Understanding the roles of these key players is the first step toward recognizing imbalances and fostering optimal health. Estrogen, often considered the quintessential female hormone, is produced primarily in the ovaries and plays a crucial role in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, regulates the menstrual cycle, and supports bone health, cardiovascular function, and cognitive well-being. Its fluctuating levels throughout the month and across a woman’s lifespan, particularly during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, underscore its dynamic impact. For more insights into maintaining overall wellness, exploring a range of Women’s Health Tips Every Woman Should Know can provide a holistic perspective.

Progesterone, often referred to as estrogen’s counterpart, is also primarily produced in the ovaries after ovulation. Its main role is to prepare the uterus for pregnancy and maintain it if conception occurs. When pregnancy doesn’t happen, progesterone levels drop, triggering menstruation. Beyond reproduction, progesterone has calming effects on the nervous system, supports sleep, and helps balance estrogen’s proliferative effects, making it vital for breast and uterine health. Testosterone, while present in much smaller amounts in women than men, is far from insignificant. It contributes to libido, bone density, muscle mass, and energy levels. Imbalances in testosterone can lead to symptoms like low sex drive, fatigue, and even hair loss or acne.

Beyond the sex hormones, cortisol, the primary stress hormone, significantly impacts hormonal balance. Chronic stress can elevate cortisol, disrupting the delicate interplay between estrogen, progesterone, and thyroid hormones, potentially leading to menstrual irregularities, weight gain, and fatigue. Insulin, responsible for regulating blood sugar, also plays a critical role; insulin resistance can fuel conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Finally, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are the master regulators of metabolism, energy production, and mood. A healthy thyroid is non-negotiable for overall hormonal harmony. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) emphasizes the intricate connections within the endocrine system, highlighting how a disruption in one area can cascade and affect others. Understanding these fundamental roles empowers women to approach their health proactively, recognizing that true hormonal wellness is a symphony, not a solo performance.

Signs of Hormonal Imbalance Every Woman Should Recognize

Hormonal imbalances can manifest in a myriad of ways, often mimicking other conditions or being dismissed as “just part of being a woman.” However, recognizing these signs early is crucial for effective intervention and improved quality of life. The symptoms are diverse because hormones influence virtually every bodily system. One of the most common indicators is irregular menstrual cycles – whether periods are consistently late, early, heavy, light, or absent altogether. These irregularities can signal issues with estrogen, progesterone, or even thyroid hormones, and are often among the first signs that women seek help for. Beyond cycle changes, persistent fatigue, even after adequate sleep, is a frequently reported symptom, often linked to imbalances in thyroid hormones, cortisol, or even low progesterone. Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and depression are also powerful indicators, as hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol significantly impact neurotransmitter function in the brain. For a deeper dive into recognizing these patterns, our Signs of Hormonal Imbalance Women Guide offers invaluable insights.

Weight fluctuations that seem disconnected from diet or exercise efforts can also point to hormonal issues. Estrogen dominance, insulin resistance, or hypothyroidism can all contribute to unexplained weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. Conversely, hyperthyroidism can lead to unintended weight loss. Skin problems, such as adult acne, excessive oiliness, or unusual dryness, often signal androgen imbalances (like elevated testosterone in PCOS) or estrogen fluctuations. Hair changes, including thinning hair on the scalp or increased facial/body hair (hirsutism), are also classic signs of androgen excess. Sleep disturbances, ranging from difficulty falling asleep to waking frequently, can be attributed to fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels, particularly during perimenopause, or elevated cortisol due to chronic stress. Low libido, another common complaint, can stem from imbalances in estrogen, testosterone, or thyroid hormones.

Other less obvious signs include digestive issues like bloating or constipation, chronic headaches or migraines, breast tenderness, and cold hands and feet. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) consistently highlights the broad impact of endocrine disorders on systemic health, underscoring the importance of not dismissing these symptoms. If you’re experiencing a combination of these issues, it’s a strong signal to investigate your hormonal health further. While these signs can be distressing, understanding them is the first step towards finding effective solutions. Many women find relief through natural approaches, as explored in our guide on Hormonal Imbalance Symptoms Natural Remedies, which emphasizes lifestyle interventions to restore balance and alleviate discomfort.

How to Balance Your Hormones Naturally

Taking a natural, holistic approach to hormonal balance empowers women to cultivate long-term well-being by addressing root causes rather than just masking symptoms. The foundation of this approach lies in lifestyle medicine, recognizing that what we eat, how we manage stress, how much we move, and the quality of our sleep profoundly impact our endocrine system. Nutrition plays a pivotal role; a diet rich in whole, unprocessed foods, abundant in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats, provides the essential building blocks for hormone production and detoxification. Emphasize anti-inflammatory foods like omega-3 rich fish (salmon, mackerel), flaxseeds, chia seeds, and a rainbow of colorful produce. Limiting processed sugars, refined carbohydrates, and unhealthy fats can significantly reduce inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity, key factors in many hormonal imbalances. For a comprehensive strategy, refer to our guide on How to Balance Hormones Naturally, which outlines dietary and lifestyle shifts.

Stress management is another non-negotiable pillar. Chronic stress elevates cortisol, which can disrupt the entire hormonal cascade, affecting everything from your menstrual cycle to thyroid function. Incorporate practices like mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or spending time in nature into your daily routine. Even short bursts of relaxation can make a significant difference. Quality sleep is equally vital; during sleep, your body repairs, detoxifies, and regulates hormones. Aim for 7-9 hours of uninterrupted sleep per night, establishing a consistent sleep schedule and creating a conducive sleep environment. Regular physical activity, particularly a mix of strength training and moderate cardiovascular exercise, improves insulin sensitivity, reduces stress, supports detoxification, and helps maintain a healthy weight. However, excessive or high-intensity exercise can sometimes be counterproductive, so finding a balanced routine is key. According to the Endocrine Society, lifestyle interventions are often the first line of defense for many hormonal conditions, underscoring their profound impact.

Beyond these foundational elements, targeted nutritional support can be beneficial. Magnesium, B vitamins (especially B6, B9, B12), zinc, selenium, and vitamin D are all critical cofactors for various hormonal processes. For example, magnesium aids in stress reduction and sleep, while B vitamins support liver detoxification of hormones. Adaptogenic herbs like Ashwagandha, Rhodiola, and Maca can help the body adapt to stress and support adrenal function, though they should be used under professional guidance. Gut health is also intimately linked to hormonal balance, as a healthy microbiome aids in estrogen metabolism and nutrient absorption. Incorporating probiotics and prebiotics can support this. By integrating these strategies, you’re not just treating symptoms; you’re building a resilient hormonal system. For the latest insights and updated recommendations for the coming year, be sure to check out our How to Balance Hormones Naturally 2026 guide, which incorporates cutting-edge research and practical advice for optimizing your endocrine health.

Perimenopause: What to Expect and How to Thrive

Perimenopause, meaning “around menopause,” is the transitional phase leading up to menopause, marking the natural decline in reproductive hormones. This period can begin as early as a woman’s late 30s but more commonly starts in her 40s, typically lasting anywhere from a few months to over a decade. It’s characterized by significant hormonal fluctuations, particularly in estrogen, which can swing wildly, leading to a host of often challenging symptoms. Unlike menopause, which is defined by 12 consecutive months without a period, perimenopause is marked by irregular cycles that eventually cease. Understanding this phase is crucial for managing its impact and maintaining quality of life. Common symptoms include hot flashes and night sweats, which can range from mild warmth to intense heat that disrupts sleep. Mood changes, such as increased irritability, anxiety, or even depressive episodes, are also prevalent due to the impact of fluctuating estrogen on brain chemistry. Sleep disturbances, often exacerbated by night sweats, can lead to chronic fatigue and impact cognitive function.

Other frequently experienced symptoms include irregular periods, which might become heavier, lighter, longer, or shorter; vaginal dryness, which can lead to discomfort during intercourse; decreased libido; and changes in cognitive function, often described as “brain fog.” Some women also report weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, and increased hair loss or changes in skin elasticity. While these symptoms can be disruptive, they are a normal part of this biological transition. The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) emphasizes that managing perimenopausal symptoms effectively often involves a multi-faceted approach, combining lifestyle adjustments with potential medical interventions when necessary. For a detailed understanding of this phase and practical strategies, our Perimenopause Symptoms Guide 2026 offers comprehensive insights into what to expect and how to prepare.

Thriving through perimenopause involves proactive self-care and often a holistic approach. Lifestyle modifications are paramount. A nutrient-dense diet rich in phytoestrogens (found in flaxseeds, soy, legumes), healthy fats, and antioxidants can help modulate hormonal fluctuations and support overall well-being. Regular, moderate exercise, including strength training, not only helps manage weight but also improves mood, sleep quality, and bone density. Stress reduction techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing are essential for mitigating mood swings and reducing the frequency and intensity of hot flashes. Ensuring adequate sleep hygiene is crucial for combating fatigue and improving cognitive function. Certain natural remedies, such as black cohosh, red clover, and evening primrose oil, have been explored for symptom relief, though their efficacy can vary, and they should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Staying hydrated and avoiding triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods can also help manage hot flashes. By embracing these strategies, women can navigate perimenopause with greater ease and maintain their vitality. Further practical advice and actionable steps for managing symptoms can be found in our detailed resource on Perimenopause Symptoms How to Manage, providing a roadmap for a smoother transition.

Thyroid Health: The Underestimated Driver of Hormonal Wellness

The thyroid gland, a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of your neck, might be small in stature but its impact on your overall health and hormonal balance is monumental. Often underestimated, the thyroid acts as the master regulator of your metabolism, influencing virtually every cell, tissue, and organ in your body. It produces two primary hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which dictate how your body uses energy, affecting everything from your heart rate and body temperature to your mood, weight, and menstrual cycle. When the thyroid isn’t functioning optimally, it can create a ripple effect throughout the entire endocrine system, disrupting the delicate balance of other hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and cortisol. This intricate interplay highlights why robust thyroid health is a cornerstone of overall hormonal wellness for women. For a deeper understanding of this vital gland, our Thyroid Health Guide for Women offers comprehensive insights.

The two most common thyroid conditions affecting women are hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Hypothyroidism is far more prevalent, with symptoms often including persistent fatigue, unexplained weight gain, difficulty losing weight, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, brain fog, and menstrual irregularities. Autoimmune thyroid conditions, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, are a leading cause of hypothyroidism in women. Conversely, hyperthyroidism can manifest as anxiety, irritability, unintentional weight loss, heat intolerance, rapid heart rate, tremors, and sleep disturbances. Diagnosing thyroid issues typically involves blood tests that measure Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and sometimes Free T3 and Free T4 levels. A TSH level between 0.4 and 4.0 mIU/L is generally considered normal, but some functional medicine practitioners suggest optimal levels are narrower, often below 2.5 mIU/L, especially for women trying to conceive or experiencing symptoms.

Supporting thyroid health naturally involves a multi-pronged approach. Nutrition is key: ensuring adequate intake of iodine (from seaweed, seafood), selenium (Brazil nuts, sunflower seeds), and zinc (oysters, pumpkin seeds) is crucial for thyroid hormone production and conversion. Avoiding goitrogenic foods (like raw cruciferous vegetables) in large quantities, especially if iodine deficient, can also be helpful. Addressing gut health is paramount, as a significant portion of T4 to T3 conversion happens in the gut, and autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s are often linked to gut dysbiosis. Managing stress through practices like meditation and yoga is vital, as chronic stress can impair thyroid function. Avoiding environmental toxins, such as certain pesticides and heavy metals, which can disrupt endocrine function, is also important. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) emphasizes the importance of regular screening and personalized treatment plans, noting that while medication is often necessary for significant dysfunction, lifestyle factors can significantly support thyroid function and overall well-being. By prioritizing thyroid health, women can unlock improved energy, mood stability, and a more balanced hormonal landscape.

PCOS: Natural Treatment and Lifestyle Management

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, impacting an estimated 5-10% globally. It’s a complex condition characterized by a constellation of symptoms arising from hormonal imbalances, primarily elevated androgens (male hormones) and often insulin resistance. PCOS is not solely an ovarian issue, but a systemic metabolic and endocrine disorder that requires a comprehensive, holistic approach to management. The diagnostic criteria typically involve at least two of the following: irregular or absent periods (oligo/anovulation), clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism (e.g., acne, hirsutism, hair loss), and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (though this alone isn’t sufficient for diagnosis). Beyond these, many women with PCOS also struggle with weight gain, difficulty losing weight, fatigue, mood swings, and infertility. Understanding PCOS as a multi-faceted condition is the first step toward effective treatment, with natural and lifestyle interventions forming the cornerstone of management. Our comprehensive PCOS Natural Treatment and Management guide provides detailed strategies for navigating this condition effectively.

The primary driver behind many PCOS symptoms is often insulin resistance, where the body’s cells don’t respond effectively to insulin, leading the pancreas to produce more. This excess insulin stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens, exacerbating symptoms like irregular periods, acne, and hirsutism. Therefore, a key component of natural PCOS management is addressing insulin sensitivity through dietary modifications. A low-glycemic, anti-inflammatory diet rich in whole foods, lean proteins, healthy fats, and fiber is highly recommended. This includes reducing processed sugars, refined carbohydrates, and unhealthy fats, while emphasizing non-starchy vegetables, berries, and complex carbohydrates. Regular physical activity, particularly a combination of strength training and moderate cardio, significantly improves insulin sensitivity, supports weight management, and can help regulate menstrual cycles. Even modest weight loss (5-10% of body weight) can lead to significant improvements in hormonal balance and symptom reduction, as highlighted by numerous studies cited by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.

Beyond diet and exercise, stress management is crucial. Chronic stress elevates cortisol, which can further disrupt hormonal balance and worsen insulin resistance. Incorporating practices like mindfulness, meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature can be profoundly beneficial. Sleep hygiene is also vital, as poor sleep can negatively impact insulin sensitivity and hormonal regulation. Targeted nutritional supplements can also play a supportive role, under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol are often recommended for improving insulin sensitivity and restoring ovulation. Berberine has also shown promise in managing blood sugar and androgen levels. Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation, while vitamin D deficiency is common in women with PCOS and supplementation may be beneficial. Addressing gut health through probiotics and a fiber-rich diet can also support hormone metabolism. By adopting these comprehensive lifestyle and natural treatment strategies, women with PCOS can significantly improve their symptoms, enhance their fertility, and reduce their long-term health risks, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, taking an active role in their health journey.

Estrogen Dominance: Causes, Symptoms, and Natural Solutions

Estrogen dominance is a prevalent hormonal imbalance characterized by a relative excess of estrogen compared to progesterone. It’s not necessarily about having too much estrogen in absolute terms, but rather an imbalance where progesterone levels are insufficient to counteract estrogen’s effects. This imbalance can occur due to various factors and can manifest with a wide array of symptoms that significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. Understanding the underlying causes and recognizing the signs is crucial for effective natural management. One primary cause is impaired estrogen detoxification by the liver, which can be overwhelmed by environmental toxins (xenoestrogens from plastics, pesticides, personal care products), alcohol, or a nutrient-poor diet. Poor gut health also plays a significant role, as a healthy microbiome is essential for metabolizing and excreting excess estrogen. Chronic stress elevates cortisol, which can “steal” precursors from progesterone production, leading to a relative progesterone deficiency. Obesity is another factor, as fat cells produce estrogen, contributing to higher levels.

The symptoms of estrogen dominance are diverse and often overlap with other hormonal imbalances, making diagnosis challenging without proper investigation. Common indicators include heavy or painful periods, breast tenderness (fibrocystic breasts), bloating, water retention, and weight gain, particularly around the hips, thighs, and abdomen. Mood swings, irritability, anxiety, and difficulty sleeping are also frequently reported, as estrogen can influence neurotransmitter activity. Other symptoms may include fatigue, headaches or migraines, decreased libido, and hair loss. Conditions such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and certain types of breast cancer are also associated with estrogen dominance, highlighting the importance of addressing this imbalance proactively. For a comprehensive overview of how to identify this condition, our guide on Estrogen Dominance Signs and Remedies provides detailed information on recognition and management.

Natural solutions for estrogen dominance focus on supporting the body’s natural detoxification pathways, balancing the gut microbiome, and promoting healthy hormone production. Dietary changes are paramount: emphasize cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts), which contain indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and diindolylmethane (DIM) that aid in estrogen metabolism. Increase fiber intake from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support gut health and ensure proper elimination of excess estrogen. Limit or avoid alcohol, caffeine, and processed foods, which can burden the liver. Ensuring adequate intake of B vitamins (especially B6, B9, B12) and magnesium is also vital for liver detoxification. Supporting gut health with probiotics and fermented foods can help maintain a healthy estrobolome (the collection of gut bacteria that metabolize estrogen). Managing stress through practices like meditation, yoga, or spending time in nature helps reduce cortisol and preserve progesterone production. Minimizing exposure to xenoestrogens by choosing organic foods, filtered water, and natural personal care products is another crucial step. The Endocrine Society consistently highlights the impact of environmental factors on hormonal health, reinforcing the importance of these lifestyle adjustments. By adopting these targeted strategies, women can effectively address estrogen dominance, alleviate associated symptoms, and foster a more balanced and vibrant hormonal landscape.

The Foundations of Women’s Hormonal Wellness

Beyond addressing specific conditions, cultivating women’s hormonal wellness is about establishing a robust foundation that supports the entire endocrine system. This isn’t a quick fix but a lifelong commitment to nourishing your body, mind, and spirit. The interconnectedness of our hormones means that a holistic approach is always the most effective. This foundation rests on five key pillars: nutrient-dense nutrition, disciplined stress management, restorative sleep, consistent physical activity, and minimizing environmental toxins. Each pillar plays a critical role in promoting hormonal harmony and resilience. A diet focused on whole, unprocessed foods, rich in diverse plant matter, healthy fats, and quality proteins, provides the necessary micronutrients and macronutrients for hormone synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification. For instance, magnesium is vital for over 300 enzymatic reactions, including those involved in stress response and sleep, both of which profoundly affect hormones. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish and flaxseeds, are crucial for reducing inflammation, which can otherwise disrupt hormonal signaling.

Stress management is arguably the most impactful foundation. Chronic stress elevates cortisol, which can directly suppress progesterone production, impair thyroid function, and disrupt the menstrual cycle. Implementing daily stress-reduction techniques—whether it’s mindfulness, deep breathing, spending time in nature, or engaging in hobbies—is not a luxury but a necessity for hormonal health. Quality sleep, 7-9 hours per night, allows the body to repair, detoxify, and regulate numerous hormones, including growth hormone, cortisol, and melatonin. Disruptions in sleep can lead to insulin resistance, increased hunger hormones, and impaired immune function, all of which negatively impact hormonal balance. Consistent physical activity, a blend of cardiovascular exercise, strength training, and flexibility, improves insulin sensitivity, supports detoxification, enhances mood, and helps maintain a healthy weight. However, it’s crucial to find a balance, as over-exercising can sometimes create additional stress on the body, particularly for women already facing hormonal challenges.

Finally, minimizing exposure to environmental toxins is increasingly recognized as a critical component of hormonal wellness. Xenoestrogens, found in plastics (BPA, phthalates), pesticides, and certain personal care products, mimic estrogen in the body, contributing to estrogen dominance. Reducing exposure by choosing organic foods, using glass or stainless steel containers, opting for natural cleaning products, and filtering drinking water can significantly lighten the body’s toxic burden and support healthy hormone metabolism. Moreover, fostering a healthy gut microbiome through a fiber-rich diet and probiotics is essential, as the gut plays a pivotal role in metabolizing and eliminating excess hormones. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) extensively researches the impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, underscoring the importance of this pillar. By consciously building and maintaining these foundational elements, women can create an internal environment where their hormones can thrive, leading to sustained energy, balanced moods, optimal reproductive health, and overall vitality for years to come.

Key Takeaways for Optimal Hormonal Health

  • Hormonal balance is fundamental to women’s overall health, influencing mood, energy, metabolism, and reproductive function.
  • Recognizing symptoms like irregular periods, persistent fatigue, mood swings, and weight changes is the first step toward addressing imbalances.
  • Lifestyle interventions, including nutrient-dense nutrition, consistent stress management, restorative sleep, and regular exercise, are the cornerstones of natural hormone balancing.
  • Specific conditions like perimenopause, thyroid dysfunction, PCOS, and estrogen dominance require targeted, holistic approaches focusing on root causes.
  • Proactive self-care and an informed, evidence-based approach empower women to take charge of their hormonal health and achieve lasting well-being.

Hormonal Health Conditions: A Comparative Overview

Condition Typical Hormonal Imbalances Common Symptoms Key Natural Management Approaches
Perimenopause Fluctuating Estrogen, declining Progesterone Hot flashes, night sweats, irregular periods, mood swings, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness Phytoestrogen-rich diet, stress reduction, moderate exercise, sleep hygiene, herbal support (e.g., black cohosh)
Hypothyroidism Low Thyroid Hormones (T3, T4), high TSH Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, brain fog Iodine, Selenium, Zinc intake; gut health support; stress management; avoiding goitrogens
PCOS High Androgens, Insulin Resistance, often high LH Irregular periods, acne, hirsutism, weight gain, ovarian cysts, infertility Low-glycemic diet, regular exercise (strength training), stress reduction, Myo-inositol, Berberine
Estrogen Dominance High Estrogen relative to Progesterone